What are the core beliefs of:
Judaism- Founder: the Hebrew Prophets (Isaiah, Amos, Jeremiah. (Abe)). Transcendent high god. Covenant with chosen people. Social justice. Root of most religions. Torah was the book, the Old Testament.
Zoroastrianism- Founder: Zoroaster. Single high god. Cosmic conflict of good and evil.
Hinduism- Founder: Anonymous writers of the Upanishads. After death will be reborn into a new life based on their karma. Caste system was important, it determined your position within the religion. Brahmins did the sacred rituals and sacrifices. Goal was to achieve moksha (ended the cycle of rebirth). Passionate devotion to some deity. Follow ones duties
Buddhism- Founder: Siddhartha Gautama. After death will be reborn depending on their karma. Hope to reach nirvana. Buddha is not a god in the Therevada form, but the Mahayana believe him to be. Siddhartha Gautama "Buddha". Overcome ego and end suffering.
Confucianism- Founder: Confucius. Social harmony through moral example. Secular outlook. Importance of education. (in China). Family as model of the state. (see China video from Chapter 4 post.)
Daoism- Founder: Laozi and Zhuangzi. (In China). Withdrawal from the world into contemplation of nature. Simple living. End of striving. Balance and Harmony. Uses poetry to teach.
Christianity- Founder: Jesus, "son of god". One god to follow. After death, a person goes to heaven or hell. St. Paul (saul)'s teachings. Sincerely repent sins. Constatine was an important man in regards to the spread. Follow ten commandments and the gospel. (it is Judaism, after Jesus came and added his teachings.)
Greek Philosophy (aka Greek Rationalism)- Founders: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Style of persistent questioning. Secular explanation of nature and human life. They thought in common; committed to rational and nonreligious explanation for everything in the world. Socrates was sentenced to death for "corrupting the minds of the youth". He refused to denounce his teachings. Emphasis on argument, logic, and relentless questioning. No god to follow.
Greek and Roman Polytheism- Polytheistic. Different God(dess) for every aspect.
Zeus (Jupiter)- God of the sky. Supreme God.
Poseidon (Neptune)- God of the sea/horses/earthquakes.
Hades (Pluto)- God of the underworld.
Artemis (Diana)- Goddess of the Hunt.
Ares (Mars)- God of war.
Hephaestus (Vulcan)- God of the forge.
ETC
Ancestor Veneration- (in China). Tend to the graves of ancestors. Talk to them, using respect. Provide offerings and sacrifices. Family is the most important thing, a family will only prosper if all the members work together. The leader is the head of the household (eldest male).
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